Case Study 1

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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 1

Give an example OS (Specific) for each of the following categories of OS:

· Batch Systems

· Interactive Systems

· Real-time systems

· Hybrid Systems

· Embedded Systems

State its description and other specifications.

Include images (Optional).

Batch Systems

Emulsifying batch system (EBS)

The EBS units are suitable for both hot and cold processing for the production of mayonnaise and dressing. The internal high shear mixer ensures stable emulsion in a very short time. Low waste and quick changeover from one recipe to another due to minimal product volume and short cleaning time are the other hallmarks of the emulsifying batch system (EBS).
The heart of the EBS line is a mixing tank to which the pre-measured ingredients are added from below and in a certain order. The equipment is suitable for both hot and cold processing. The hot process is required when using warm-swelling starch for the production of a low-fat mayonnaise.
The system has other features and advantages for manufacturers who would like to venture into or to upgrade their mayonnaise and ketchup processing:
Hygienic and robust design-meets the requirements for the food industry and occupies minimum floor space
Indirect thermal treatment-for the heat processing of hot swelling starch used for the production of low-fat mayonnaise .Vacuum production-no air in the final product .
Cost saving-minimal product waste compared with continuous production.

Interactive Systems

Xerox Star

The 8010 Information System from Xerox was the first system to use a fully integrated desktop metaphor and application suite. Initially the term "Star" referred to the desktop and application software. However the system as a whole became commonly known as "The Xerox Star."

• Custom processor based on the AMD 2900 bit-sliced microcode programmable microprocessor
• 384 KB (expandable to 1.5MB) of real memory
• 10, 29 or 40 MB hard drive
• 8-inch floppy drive
• 17-inch display
• Display resolution of 1024*808 monochrome
• 2-button Mouse
• Ethernet networking
• "Pilot" operating system
• "Star" desktop software

Print servers for these systems were manufactured using the same base hardware and also ran Pilot OS. Print servers used a TTY terminal instead of a graphics display and did not include the video graphics hardware or Star desktop software. The display of the Star mimics a desk environment. Files, storage locations, and other functionality are represented as icons. At the time, graphical "icons" were a relatively new concept and term in the computer field.

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Real–Time Systems

VxWorks

VxWorks has been ported to a number of platforms and now runs on practically any modern CPU that is used in the embedded market. This includes the x86 family, MIPS, PowerPC, Freescale ColdFire, Intel i960, SH-4 and the closely related family of ARM, StrongARM and xScaleCPUs.

The key features of the current OS are:

§ Multitasking kernel with preemptive and round-robin scheduling and fast interrupt response

§ User-mode applications ("Real-Time Processes", or RTP) isolated from other user-mode applications as well as the kernel via memory protection mechanisms.

§ SMP and AMP support

§ Fast, flexible inter-process communication including TIPC

§ Error handling framework

§ Binary, counting, and mutual exclusion semaphores with priority inheritance

§ Local and distributed message queues

§ POSIX PSE52 certified conformance in user-mode execution environment^[13]

§ File systems: High Reliability File System (HRFS), FAT-based file system (DOSFS), Network File System (NFS)

§ IPv6 networking stack

§ VxSim simulator

Hybrid Systems

Khythnos Island

The Kythnos Island hybrid system plant utilizes a 100 kW PV array, a 100 kW wind turbine, and a 600 kWh battery. The entire system is connected to the existing distribution grid, which is fed by a 200 kVA diesel generator. Three 50 kVA inverters operate simultaneously delivering power into the grid. The plant is monitored by control system, which optimises the amount of renewable energy available to the grid.

Name: Kythnos Island Plant

PV system type: PV-wind-diesel hybrid system
Operate since: 1983
Rated power: 100 kW peak PV, 200 kW diesel, 100 kW wind turbine
Storage: 600 kWh battery storage
Number of modules: almost 60,000
Total PV area: 1290 m²
Module mounting: Fixed tilt
Inverter: 3 x Siemens 50 kVA
Utility interconnection: 380 V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz
Design energy output: 170,000 kWh/year

Embedded Systems

Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)

An automatic teller machine (ATM) is an electronic device which allows a bank's customers to make cash withdrawals and check their account balances at any time without the need for a human teller. Many ATMs also allow people to deposit cash or cheques, transfer money between their bank accounts or even buy postage stamps.

Most ATMs are connected to interbank network s, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their account. This is a convenience, especially for people who are travelling: it is possible to make withdrawals in places where one's bank has no branches, and even to withdraw local currency in a foreign country, often at a better exchange rate than would be available by changing cash.

ATMs rely on authorization of a transaction by the card issuer or other authorizing institution via the communications network.